Solar Activity: The process begins with solar storms that release large clouds of electrically charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, into space.
Interaction with Earth's Magnetic Field: When these charged particles reach Earth, they are mostly deflected by the planet's magnetic field.
Excitation of Atmospheric Gases: As the solar particles collide with atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, they excite these atoms, causing them to emit light.
Characteristics of Auroras Colors: The predominant green light is due to oxygen at lower altitudes, while red light occurs at higher altitudes. Nitrogen contributes blue and purple colors to the display
Patterns: Auroras often appear in dynamic forms such as curtains, arcs, or spirals, reflecting the lines of force in the Earth's magnetic field. The altitude of auroras typically ranges from about 80 to 250 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
Visibility: Auroras are best viewed in high-latitude regions near the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, but during strong solar activity, they can be seen at lower latitudes.
This interplay between solar activity and Earth's magnetic field creates one of nature's most mesmerizing displays, inspiring awe and wonder across cultures and generations.